Taras Shevchenko is a great Ukrainian poet. He is the founder of the modern Ukrainian literary language. Shevchenko was born in the family of a serf in the village of Moryntsy in 1814. Young Taras became an orphan very early. He was a shepherd, a laborer to a priest and, when he was fourteen, his master took him into the manor house as a boy-servant — "kozachok". In 1829 Shevchenko's master moved to Vilno and then — to St Petersburg. He took his boy-servant with him, too. Still in his early childhood, Shevchenko was very fond of drawing and his master decided to make a serf painter of him.
For this purpose, he sent Taras to study painting. The boy was so talented that several Russian artists decided to free him from slavery. Karl Brulov, the great Russian artist, painted a portrait of Vasiliy Zhukovsky and sold it for 2 500 roubles. With this money, they bought out Shevchenko from his master. Later on the young painter continued his studies at the Petersburg Academy of Arts. Karl Brulov influenced Shevchenko greatly. Soon they became close friends. In 1838 Shevchenko wrote his first poems in Ukrainian. In 1840 he published his first book of poems which he named "Kobzar". His first poetical works are mainly examples of romanticism. The subject of many poems was unhappy love. He also wrote several poems about the historical past of Ukraine. In these works, he glorified the heroic struggle of the Ukrainian people against their oppressors and their fight for national liberation (the long poem "Gaidamaky"). In 1843 Shevchenko returned to Ukraine. He traveled a lot about the country and learned to know the heavy life of the Ukrainian serfs. In 1846 Shevchenko joined a revolutionary organization — Cyril and Methodius Society, which aimed to liberate the serfs. He wrote several revolutionary poems directed against the tsarist despotism ("Dream", 1844, "The Caucasus", 1845, and his famous "Testament"). In 1847 he was arrested and exiled as a soldier to Orsk fortress in Kazakhstan. Here, being a soldier, he wrote several novels in Russian. He also painted several of his best pictures. In 1857 Shevchenko returned from the exile to St Petersburg. Here he published several of his masterpieces in which he criticised the tsarist regime and demanded liberty for serfs.
In St Petersburg, he made close friends with well-known Russian writers — N. Chernyshevskyi, N. Dobrolubov, N. Nekrasov and others. In 1859, when Shevchenko went to Ukraine, he was arrested and forced to return to St Petersburg — the tsarist government was afraid of the elderly poet. On the 10th of March, Shevchenko died. His death was a great loss for Ukrainian literature and liberation movement — A. Gertsen published a big article on Shevchenko's death in his magazine "Kolokol" in London. Shevchenko is the favourite author of millions of Ukrainians, a real people's poet. His works are translated into many languages.
For this purpose, he sent Taras to study painting. The boy was so talented that several Russian artists decided to free him from slavery. Karl Brulov, the great Russian artist, painted a portrait of Vasiliy Zhukovsky and sold it for 2 500 roubles. With this money, they bought out Shevchenko from his master. Later on the young painter continued his studies at the Petersburg Academy of Arts. Karl Brulov influenced Shevchenko greatly. Soon they became close friends. In 1838 Shevchenko wrote his first poems in Ukrainian. In 1840 he published his first book of poems which he named "Kobzar". His first poetical works are mainly examples of romanticism. The subject of many poems was unhappy love. He also wrote several poems about the historical past of Ukraine. In these works, he glorified the heroic struggle of the Ukrainian people against their oppressors and their fight for national liberation (the long poem "Gaidamaky"). In 1843 Shevchenko returned to Ukraine. He traveled a lot about the country and learned to know the heavy life of the Ukrainian serfs. In 1846 Shevchenko joined a revolutionary organization — Cyril and Methodius Society, which aimed to liberate the serfs. He wrote several revolutionary poems directed against the tsarist despotism ("Dream", 1844, "The Caucasus", 1845, and his famous "Testament"). In 1847 he was arrested and exiled as a soldier to Orsk fortress in Kazakhstan. Here, being a soldier, he wrote several novels in Russian. He also painted several of his best pictures. In 1857 Shevchenko returned from the exile to St Petersburg. Here he published several of his masterpieces in which he criticised the tsarist regime and demanded liberty for serfs.
In St Petersburg, he made close friends with well-known Russian writers — N. Chernyshevskyi, N. Dobrolubov, N. Nekrasov and others. In 1859, when Shevchenko went to Ukraine, he was arrested and forced to return to St Petersburg — the tsarist government was afraid of the elderly poet. On the 10th of March, Shevchenko died. His death was a great loss for Ukrainian literature and liberation movement — A. Gertsen published a big article on Shevchenko's death in his magazine "Kolokol" in London. Shevchenko is the favourite author of millions of Ukrainians, a real people's poet. His works are translated into many languages.
ПЕРЕКЛАД
Тарас Шевченко - великий український поет. Він є засновником сучасної української літературної мови. Шевченко народився в сім'ї кріпака в селі Моринці в 1814 році. Молодий Тарас став сиротою дуже рано. Він був пастирем, робітником священика, а коли йому було чотирнадцять років, його господар відправив його в садибу як хлопчик-слуга - "козачок". У 1829 році майстер Шевченка переїхав до Вільно, а потім до Петербурга. Він також взяв його хлопчика-слугу. Ще в ранньому дитинстві Шевченко дуже любив малювати, а його господар вирішив зробити його кріпосним художником.
З цією метою він послав Тараса вивчити живопис. Хлопчик був настільки талановитий, що кілька російських художників вирішили звільнити його з рабства. Великий російський художник Карл Брулов написав портрет Василя Жуковського і продав його за 2 500 рублів. За ці гроші вони викупили Шевченка від свого майстра. Пізніше молодий художник продовжив навчання в Петербурзькій академії мистецтв. Карл Брулов сильно вплинув на Шевченка. Незабаром вони стали близькими друзями. У 1838 році Шевченко написав свої перші вірші українською мовою. У 1840 році він опублікував свою першу книгу віршів, яку він назвав "Кобзарем". Його перші поетичні твори є головним прикладом романтизму. Предметом багатьох віршів була нещасна любов. Він також написав кілька віршів про історичне минуле України. У цих роботах він прославив героїчну боротьбу українського народу проти своїх гнобителів та їхню боротьбу за національне визволення (довга поема "Гайдамаки"). У 1843 році Шевченко повернувся до України. Він багато подорожував країною і навчився знати важке життя українських кріпаків. У 1846 р. Шевченко вступив у революційну організацію - Товариство Кирила та Мефодія, метою якого було звільнення кріпаків. Він написав кілька революційних віршів проти царського деспотизму ("Сон", 1844, "Кавказ", 1845, і його знаменитий "Заповіт"). У 1847 році він був заарештований і засланий як солдат в Орську фортецю в Казахстані. Тут, будучи солдатом, він написав кілька романів російською мовою. Він також написав кілька своїх найкращих зображень. У 1857 р. Шевченко повернувся з еміграції до Петербурга. Тут він опублікував кілька своїх шедеврів, в яких він критикував царський режим і зажадав свободи для кріпаків.
У Петербурзі він зблизився з відомими російськими письменниками - Н. Чернишевським, Н. Добролюбова, Н. Некрасовим та іншими. У 1859 році, коли Шевченко відправився в Україну, його заарештували і змусили повернутися до Петербурга - царський уряд боявся літнього поета. 10 березня Шевченко помер. Його смерть була великою втратою для української літератури та визвольного руху - А. Герцен видав велику статтю про смерть Шевченка в своєму журналі "Колокол" у Лондоні. Шевченко - улюблений автор мільйонів українців, справжній народний поет. Його твори перекладені багатьма мовами.
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