My favorite writer is Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. In my opinion, he is the greatest Russian dramatist and short story writer. I'm never tired of reading and rereading his plays and humorous stories. Chekhov was born in 1860 in Taganrog. In 1879 he went to Moscow, where he studied medicine. Though he practiced little as a doctor in his lifetime, he was prouder of his medical knowledge than of his writing talent.
While in college, Chekhov wrote humorous sketches for comic papers to support his family. He collected the best ones into a volume Motley Stories, in 1886. The book attracted the attention of the publisher of the Novoje Vremja, Russia's largest paper, and Chekhov was asked to contribute stories regularly. Chekhov, as an established writer, was able to develop a style of his own. Though he never gave up writing comic stories, he began working in a more serious vein. In 1887 Ivanov, his first play established Chekhov as a dramatist. From then on, he concentrated on writing plays, as well as short stories. Chekhov was seriously ill. He had tuberculosis and knew what it meant. By 1892 his health was so bad that he was afraid to spend another winter in Moscow. He bought a small estate near the village of Melikhovo, 50 miles from Moscow.
He spent 5 years there, and those were happy years in spite of the illness. He wrote some of his best stories there, including Ward No.6, several well-known one-act comedies and two of his serious dramatic masterpieces, The Seagull and Uncle Vаnya. The Seagull was first staged in the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Petersburg. It was a complete failure because of the dull and clumsy production. It was a cruel blow to Chekhov. However, the play was successfully performed as the first production of the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. From then on, Chekhov was closely connected with this theatre and with its founder, K.S. Stanislavsky. In 1901 he married an Art Theatre actress, Olga Knipper, who acted in his play The Three Sisters the same year. Chekhov's health went from bad to worse and he had to spend the remaining years in the Crimea and other health spas. The Cherry Orchard, his last play, was produced in 1904. Soon after the first night, Chekhov died. He was 44. several generations of writers, both in Russia and abroad, studied and imitated Chekhov to perfect their own literary style. Chekhov had an immense influence on the 20th-century drama.
While in college, Chekhov wrote humorous sketches for comic papers to support his family. He collected the best ones into a volume Motley Stories, in 1886. The book attracted the attention of the publisher of the Novoje Vremja, Russia's largest paper, and Chekhov was asked to contribute stories regularly. Chekhov, as an established writer, was able to develop a style of his own. Though he never gave up writing comic stories, he began working in a more serious vein. In 1887 Ivanov, his first play established Chekhov as a dramatist. From then on, he concentrated on writing plays, as well as short stories. Chekhov was seriously ill. He had tuberculosis and knew what it meant. By 1892 his health was so bad that he was afraid to spend another winter in Moscow. He bought a small estate near the village of Melikhovo, 50 miles from Moscow.
He spent 5 years there, and those were happy years in spite of the illness. He wrote some of his best stories there, including Ward No.6, several well-known one-act comedies and two of his serious dramatic masterpieces, The Seagull and Uncle Vаnya. The Seagull was first staged in the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Petersburg. It was a complete failure because of the dull and clumsy production. It was a cruel blow to Chekhov. However, the play was successfully performed as the first production of the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. From then on, Chekhov was closely connected with this theatre and with its founder, K.S. Stanislavsky. In 1901 he married an Art Theatre actress, Olga Knipper, who acted in his play The Three Sisters the same year. Chekhov's health went from bad to worse and he had to spend the remaining years in the Crimea and other health spas. The Cherry Orchard, his last play, was produced in 1904. Soon after the first night, Chekhov died. He was 44. several generations of writers, both in Russia and abroad, studied and imitated Chekhov to perfect their own literary style. Chekhov had an immense influence on the 20th-century drama.
ПЕРЕКЛАД
Мій улюблений письменник - Антон Павлович Чехов. На мій погляд, він є найбільшим письменником російської драматургії та розповіді. Я ніколи не втомлююся читати і перечитувати свої п'єси та гумористичні оповідання. Чехов народився в 1860 році в Таганрозі. У 1879 році він поїхав до Москви, де вивчав медицину. Хоча він мало займався лікарем у своєму житті, він був гордішим своїм медичним знанням, ніж його письменницьким талантом.
Хоча в коледжі Чехов написав гумористичні нариси для комічних робіт для підтримки своєї сім'ї. Він зібрав найкращі в обсязі "Motley Stories" в 1886 році. Книга привернула увагу видавця найбільшого російського документу "Новоє время", і Чехова було запропоновано регулярно вносити матеріали. Чехов, як авторитетний письменник, зміг розробити власний стиль. Хоча він ніколи не відмовлявся писати комічні історії, він почав працювати більш серйозно. У 1887 році Іванов у своїй першій грі створив Чехова як драматург. З того часу він зосередився на написанні п'єс, а також на коротких оповіданнях. Чехов був серйозно хворий. Він мав туберкульоз і знав, що це означає. До 1892 року його здоров'я було настільки поганим, що він боявся провести ще одну зиму в Москві. Він купив невелике маєток біля села Меліхово, в 50 милях від Москви.
Він провів там 5 років, і ці роки були щасливими, незважаючи на хворобу. Він написав деякі з його кращих оповідань, у тому числі Уорд № 6, кілька відомих одноактних комедій та двох його серйозних драматичних шедеврів - Чайки та дядька Ваня. Чайка вперше була поставлена в Олександрінському театрі в Петербурзі. Це була повна невдача з-за нудного і незграбного виробництва. Це був жорстокий удар для Чехова. Проте п'єса була успішно виконана як перша постановка Московського художнього театру в 1898 році. З того часу Чехов був тісно пов'язаний з цим театром, а з його засновником К.С. Станіславський. У 1901 році він одружився на актрисі Художнього театру Ольги Кніппер, який виступив у спектаклі "Три сестри" того ж року. Здоров'я Чехова переходило від поганого до гіршого, і йому довелося провести останні роки в Криму та інших санаторіях. Вишневий сад, його остання п'єса, був випущений в 1904 році. Незабаром після першої ночі, Чехов помер. Йому було 44 роки. Багато поколінь письменників, як в Росії, так і за кордоном, вивчали і імітували Чехова, щоб вдосконалити свій власний літературний стиль. Чехов зробив величезний вплив на драму 20-го століття.
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