Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1847 in a family interested in the problems of speech. Both his father and his grandfather had studied the mechanics of a sound. Bell's father had been one of the pioneer teachers of speech to the deaf. He was a world-famous inventor of "Visible Speech", which helped deaf people to pronounce words they could not hear.
Between 1868 and 1870 Alexander worked with his father and studied speech and taught deaf children in Edinburgh. In 1870 he moved to Canada and the next year he went to the USA. In 1866 the nineteen-year-old Bell started thinking about sending tones by telegraph, and it was then that there came to his mind the idea of the "harmonic telegraph", which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. In 1873 he was appointed a professor at Boston University. He became interested in the mechanical production of a sound, basing his work on the theories of Helmholtz.
It seemed to Bell that it was possible to convert the sound wave vibrations into a fluctuating electric current. Then the current, in its turn, can be converted into sound waves identical with the original at the end of the circuit. In this way, the sound could be carried across wires at the speed of light. It was through his famous experiments that in 1876 he was able to develop the telephone, which enables people to talk to each other over long distances.
One day, while working with an instrument designed to carry sound, Bell automatically cried to his assistant, "Watson, please, come here." Watson, at the other end of the circuit on the other floor, heard the instrument speak and ran downstairs with joy. It was the first telephone communication. In 1915 the first transcontinental telephone was opened. Bell died on August 2, 1922.
Between 1868 and 1870 Alexander worked with his father and studied speech and taught deaf children in Edinburgh. In 1870 he moved to Canada and the next year he went to the USA. In 1866 the nineteen-year-old Bell started thinking about sending tones by telegraph, and it was then that there came to his mind the idea of the "harmonic telegraph", which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. In 1873 he was appointed a professor at Boston University. He became interested in the mechanical production of a sound, basing his work on the theories of Helmholtz.
It seemed to Bell that it was possible to convert the sound wave vibrations into a fluctuating electric current. Then the current, in its turn, can be converted into sound waves identical with the original at the end of the circuit. In this way, the sound could be carried across wires at the speed of light. It was through his famous experiments that in 1876 he was able to develop the telephone, which enables people to talk to each other over long distances.
One day, while working with an instrument designed to carry sound, Bell automatically cried to his assistant, "Watson, please, come here." Watson, at the other end of the circuit on the other floor, heard the instrument speak and ran downstairs with joy. It was the first telephone communication. In 1915 the first transcontinental telephone was opened. Bell died on August 2, 1922.
ПЕРЕКЛАД
Олександр Белл народився в Единбурзі, Шотландія, в 1847 році в сім'ї, що цікавиться проблемами мови. І батько, і його дідус вивчали механіку звуку. Батько Белла був одним із піонерських вчителів мовлення глухим. Він був всесвітньо відомим винахідником "Visible Speech", який допомагав глухим вимовляти слова, які вони не чули.
Між 1868 і 1870 роках Олександр працював з батьком і вивчав промову і викладав глухих дітей в Единбурзі. У 1870 році він переїхав до Канади, а наступного року поїхав до США. У 1866 році дев'ятнадцятирічний Белл почав думати про відправку тонів по телеграфу, і саме тоді з'явилася думка про "гармонійний телеграф", який передавав музичні тони електрично з одного місця в інше. У 1873 році він був призначений професором Бостонського університету. Він зацікавився механічним виробництвом звуку, основуючи свою роботу на теоріях Гельмгольца.
Белло здавалося, що можна перетворити коливання звукових хвиль у коливальний електричний струм. Тоді струм, в свою чергу, може бути перетворений у звукові хвилі, ідентичні оригіналу в кінці ланцюга. Таким чином, звук можна було б носити по проводах за швидкістю світла. Завдяки його знаменитим експериментам у 1876 році він зміг розробити телефон, який дозволить людям спілкуватися між собою на великих відстанях.
Одного разу під час роботи з інструментом, призначеним для передачі звуку, Белл автоматично кликнув до свого помічника: "Уотсон, будь ласка, приходьте сюди". Уотсон, на іншому кінці ланцюга на іншому поверсі, почув, як інструмент розмовляє, і з радістю побіг вниз. Це був перший телефонний зв'язок. У 1915 році був відкритий перший трансконтинентальний телефон. Белл помер 2 серпня 1922 року.
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