My favourite writer is Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. In my opinion, he is the greatest Russian dramatist and short-story writer. I'm never tired of reading and rereading his plays and humorous stories.
Chekhov was bom in 1860 in Taganrog. In 1879 he went to Moscow, where he studied medicine. Though he practised little as a doctor in his lifetime, he was prouder of his medical knowledge more than of his writing talent.
While in college, Chekhov wrote humorous sketches for comic papers to support his family. He collected the best ones into a volume, Motley Stories, in 1886. The book attracted the attention of the publisher of the Novoje Vremja and Chekhov was asked to contribute stories regularly.
Chekhov, as an established writer, managed to develop a style of his own. Though he never gave up writing comic stories, he began working in a more serious vein. In 1887 "Ivanov", his first play, established Chekhov as a dramatist.
From then on, he concentrated on writing plays, as well as short stories.
Chekhov was seriously ill. He had tuberculosis and knew what it meant. By 1892 his health was so bad that he was afraid to spend another winter in Moscow. He bought a small estate near a village Melikhovo, 50 miles from Moscow. He spent 5 years there, and those were happy years in spite of the illness. He wrote some of his best stories there, including "Ward No.6", several well-known one-act comedies and two of his serious dramatic masterpieces, "The Seagull" and "Uncle Vanya".
"The Seagull' was first staged in the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Petersburg. It was a complete failure because of the dull and clumsy production. It was a cruel blow to Chekhov. However, the play was successfully performed as the first production of the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. From then on, Chekhov was closely connected with this theatre and with its founder, K.S. Stanislavsky. In 1901 he married an Art Theatre actress, Olga Knipper, who acted in his play The Three Sisters the same year.
Chekhov's health went from bad to worse and he had to spend the remaining years in the Crimea and other health spas.
"The Cherry Orchard", his last play, was produced in 1904. Soon after the first night Chekhov died. He was 44.
Chekhov had an immense influence on the 20th century drama. Besides, several generations of writers both in Russia and abroad studied and imitated Chekhov to perfect their own literary style.
Chekhov was bom in 1860 in Taganrog. In 1879 he went to Moscow, where he studied medicine. Though he practised little as a doctor in his lifetime, he was prouder of his medical knowledge more than of his writing talent.
While in college, Chekhov wrote humorous sketches for comic papers to support his family. He collected the best ones into a volume, Motley Stories, in 1886. The book attracted the attention of the publisher of the Novoje Vremja and Chekhov was asked to contribute stories regularly.
Chekhov, as an established writer, managed to develop a style of his own. Though he never gave up writing comic stories, he began working in a more serious vein. In 1887 "Ivanov", his first play, established Chekhov as a dramatist.
From then on, he concentrated on writing plays, as well as short stories.
Chekhov was seriously ill. He had tuberculosis and knew what it meant. By 1892 his health was so bad that he was afraid to spend another winter in Moscow. He bought a small estate near a village Melikhovo, 50 miles from Moscow. He spent 5 years there, and those were happy years in spite of the illness. He wrote some of his best stories there, including "Ward No.6", several well-known one-act comedies and two of his serious dramatic masterpieces, "The Seagull" and "Uncle Vanya".
"The Seagull' was first staged in the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Petersburg. It was a complete failure because of the dull and clumsy production. It was a cruel blow to Chekhov. However, the play was successfully performed as the first production of the Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. From then on, Chekhov was closely connected with this theatre and with its founder, K.S. Stanislavsky. In 1901 he married an Art Theatre actress, Olga Knipper, who acted in his play The Three Sisters the same year.
Chekhov's health went from bad to worse and he had to spend the remaining years in the Crimea and other health spas.
"The Cherry Orchard", his last play, was produced in 1904. Soon after the first night Chekhov died. He was 44.
Chekhov had an immense influence on the 20th century drama. Besides, several generations of writers both in Russia and abroad studied and imitated Chekhov to perfect their own literary style.
ПЕРЕКЛАД
Мій улюблений письменник - Антон Павлович Чехов. По-моєму, він самий великий російський драматург і автор коротких розповідей. Я ніколи не втомлююся читати і перечитувати його п'єси і гумористичні оповідання.
Чехов народився в Таганрозі в 1860 році. У 1879 році він виїхав до Москви, де вивчав медицину. Хоча він мало практикував як лікар у своєму житті, він пишався своїми медичними знаннями більше, ніж письменницьким талантом.
В університеті, Чехов писав гумористичні оповідання для газет, щоб підтримувати свою сім'ю. Він зібрав кращі в збірник "Строкаті розповіді", в 1886 році. Книга привернула увагу видавця Нового Часу, великої газети в Росії, і Чехову було запропоновано співпрацювати регулярно.
Чехову, як визнання письменникові, вдалося розробити свій власний стиль. Хоча він ніколи не кидав писати гумористичні оповідання, він почав працювати в більш серйозному ключі. У 1887 "Іванов", перша п'єса, створена Чеховим, ознаменувала його як драматурга.
З тих пір він сконцентрувався на написанні п'єс, а також коротких оповідань.
Чехов був серйозно хворий. Він хворів на туберкульоз і знав, що це означає. До тисячі вісімсот дев'яносто дві його здоров'я було настільки погано, що він боявся провести ще одну зиму в Москві. Він купив невеликий маєток поблизу села Меліхова, в 50 кілометрах від Москви. Він провів там 5 років, і це були найщасливіші роки, незважаючи на хворобу. Він написав там кілька своїх найкращих оповідань, в тому числі "Палата № 6", кілька відомих одноактних комедій і два серйозних драматичних шедевра, "Чайка" і "Дядя Ваня".
"Чайка" була вперше поставлена в Олександрійському театрі в Петербурзі. Це був повний провал через нудною і незграбно постановки. Це було жорстоким ударом для Чехова. Проте, п'єса була успішно поставлена Московським Художнім театром в 1898 році. З тих пір, Чехов була тісно пов'язаний з цим театром, і з його засновником, К. С. Станіславським. У 1901 р він одружився на актрисі МХАТ, О. Л. Кніппер, яка грала в його п'єсі "Три сестри" в тому ж році.
Здоров'я Чехова ставало все гірше і гірше, і йому довелося провести решту життя в Криму та інших курортах.
"Вишневий сад", свою останню п'єсу він випустив в 1904 році. Незабаром після прем'єри Чехов помер. Йому було 44.
Чехов зробив величезний вплив на драму двадцятого століття. Крім того, кілька поколінь письменників в Росії і за кордоном вивчали його творчість і наслідували його, щоб удосконалювати свій власний літературний стиль.
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